NOTES TO THE STANDALONE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED MARCH 31, 2026 measured based on quoted prices in active markets, their fair value is measured using valuation techniques including the DCF model. The inputs to these models are taken from observable markets where possible, but where this is not feasible, a degree of judgment is required in establishing fair values. Judgments include considerations of inputs such as liquidity risk, credit risk and volatility. Changes in assumptions about these factors could affect the reported fair value of financial instruments. Refer Note 50 for further disclosures.
The Company has invested in the equity instruments of various companies. The valuation exercise of unquoted equity instruments carried out by the Company with the help of an independent valuer, etc. has estimated fair value at each reporting period based on available historical annual reports and other information in the public domain.
Impairment exists when the carrying value of an asset or cash generating unit exceeds its recoverable amount, which is the higher of its fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. The fair value less costs of disposal calculation is based on available data for similar assets or observable market prices less incremental costs for disposing of the asset. The value in use calculation is based on a Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) model. The cash flows are derived from the budget for the future years and do not include restructuring activities that the Company is not yet committed to or significant future investments that will enhance the asset’s performance being tested. The cash flow projections, beyond period covered by the most recent budget / forecast, the Company extrapolates cash flow projections taking base of budget working using a steady or declining growth rate for subsequent years unless an increasing trend can be justified. The recoverable amount is sensitive to the discount rate used for the DCF model as well as the expected future cash-inflows and the growth rate used for extrapolation purposes.
The Company cannot readily determine the interest rate implicit in the lease, therefore, it uses its incremental borrowing rate (IBR) to measure lease liabilities. The IBR is the rate of interest that the Company would have to pay to borrow over a similar term, and with a similar security, the funds necessary to obtain an asset of a similar value to the right-of-use asset in a similar economic environment. The IBR therefore reflects what the Company ‘would have to pay’, which requires estimation when no observable rates are available or when they need to be adjusted to reflect the terms and conditions of the lease. The Company estimates the IBR using observable inputs (such as market interest rates) when available and is required to make certain entityspecific estimates.
Evaluation of uncertain tax demand positions and other legal litigation
The Company has material uncertain tax demand positions including matters under dispute which involves significant judgement to determine the possible outcome of these disputes and significant open legal proceedings under arbitration and courts for various matters with its contractors vendors and in Government departments, continuing from earlier years which are part of Contingent Liability. The Company has made estimates to recognize the provisions mainly for probable claims arising out of litigations / disputes pending with authorities under various statutes and with other parties. The probability and the timing of the outflow with regard to these matters depend on the outcome of the litigations/disputes. Hence, the Company is not able to reasonably ascertain the timing of the outflow.
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