Un.]n. cq-]-s¸-Sp-¯m³ k-lm-bn-
¸m-X-bn-en-cp-¶v tdm-bv Nu-[-cn Nn-{Xw h-c- ¨-Xpw. tdm-bv Nu-[-cn-¡ pw bv-¡ p-¶-Xv A-t±-lw Iu- sI.kn.F-kv.
]-Wn-¡ Àt\m-¡ n- ¡ pw Io-gn ]Tn-¨ ti-jw
Xp-I-t¯m-sS \nÂ-¡ p-am-bn-cp-¶p. H-Sp- 1960þ am-Xr-`q-an B-gv-N-¸- hnÂ, 1936þ 25þmw h-b- Xn-¸n Nn-{X-Im-c-\m-bn Np- Ên tPm-en D-t]-£ n-¨v a-X-e-tb-äp.
A-t±-l-¯n-
B tIm-tf-Pn tNÀ-¶ sâ ap³-Km-an-I-fm-b ]-Wn-¡ À, 1940þ Un- Fw.hn. tZ-h-\pw F.F-Êpt¹m-a t\-Sn. Xp-SÀ-¶v A- sa-Ãmw ]-c-¼-cm-K-X ssihn-sS s]-bnânw-Kv C³-kv- en-I-sf
\n-cm-I-cn-¨p-sIm-
Xp-S-§ n-b am-ä-§ -sf \- th-in-¨ A-t±-lw 1957þ B Øm-]-\-¯n-sâ ¼q-Xn-cn a-säm-cp X-e-¯n- {]n³-kn-¸-em-bn. hn-c-an-¡ p-¶-Xp-h-sc A-Sp-¯ H- te-¡ v D-bÀ-¯n. F.F-kv. {]-Ir-Xn-tbm-sSm-¸w acp Z-im-Ðw B ]-Z-hn-bn A-t±-lw Xp-S-cp-I-bpw \p-jy-sc h-c-¨-t¸mÄ, tZ-h³ _-joÀ I-Ym-]m-{XsN-bv-Xp. I-cn-b-dn-sâ B-Zy-L-«-§ -fn ]m-Ým-Xy § -fn-eq-sS Ip-dn-b a-\p-jy-sc Im-«n-¯-¶p. F- A-¡ m-Z-an-Iv ssi-en-tbm-Sv XmÂ-¸-cyw Im-«n-sb-¦n- ¶mÂ, \-¼q-Xn-cn Xn-c-sª -Sp-¯-Xv ZoÀ-L-Im-bepw, ]n-¶o-Sv X-t±-io-b ssi-en-I-fn-te-¡ pw k-μÀ- cm-b a-\p-jy-cq-]-§ -sf-bm-bn-cp-¶p. Ip-«n-¡ m-ew `-§ -fn-te-¡ pw a-S-§ n-h-¶v BÀ-«v tIm-tf-Pn-se Nn- sXm-t«k-μÀ-in-¨n-cp-¶ ip-I-]p-cw Z-£ n-Wm-aqÀ- {X-c-N-\m-co-Xn-I-fn A-t±-lw hn-¹-h-I-c-am-b am-ä- ¯n t£ -{X-¯n-se Zm-cp-in-ev-]-§ -fp-sS L-S-\- § Ä h-cp-¯n. sN-ss¶-bn C-¶p-sam-cp k-Poh tI-{μ-am-bn \n-e-sIm-Åp-¶ "tNm-f-a-Þ-ew' F- ¶ I-em-Im-c-·m-cp-sS Iq-«m-bv-a-bv-¡ v Xp-S-¡ -an-Sp- ¶-Xv sI.kn.F-kv. ]-Wn-¡ -cm-Wv. {]m-tZ-in-I Ien-{Km-^n-bpw sa-äm-^n-kn-¡  A-_v-kv-{Sm-£ - \pw k-a-\z-bn-¸n-¨ A-t±-l-¯n-sâ A-t\z-j-W- § -fm-Wv {]-i-kv-X-am-b "thÀ-Uv-kv Bâv knw- _Â-kv' (Words and Symbols) ]-c-¼-c-bv-¡ v h-gn- Xp-d-¶-Xv. ""\n-e-hn-se km-l-N-cy-§ -fn C-´y³ I-em-Im-c-·mÀ-¡ v XoÀ-¯pw a-Sp-¸v tXm-¶p-t¼mÄ am-{X-ta ]-cn-an-Xn-I-fnÂ-\n-¶p-Å tam-N-\w km-[yam-Iq'' F-¶ ]-Wn-¡ -cp-sS Im-gv-N-¸m-Sv Cu am-ä- ¯n-sâ Nm-e-I-i-àn-bm-bn-cp-¶p. s]m-¶m-\n-bpsS em³-Uv--kv--tI-¸v, I-t\m-en I-\m H-s¡ H-cp L-«-¯n A-t±-l-¯n-\v hn-j-b-am-bn.
IÀ-½w sIm-tm s]m-¶m-\n-¡ m-c-\- sÃ-¦n-epw ]-Wn-¡ -cp-sS a-I-\pw tNm-f-a-Þ-e- ¯n-sâ A-a-c-¡ m-cn-sem-cm-fp-am-bn-cp-¶ \-μ-tKm- ]m-en-sâ t]-cp-Iq-Sn C-hn-sS tNÀ-¯p-sh-s¡ -- Xp-v.
i-co-c-¯n-sâ cm-{ão-bw a-d-¡ m-¯ \-¼q-Xn-cn s]m-¶m-\n-bn \n-¶pw ]-Wn-¡ À-¡ v e-`n-¨ B-Zy in-jy³, 1925 sk-]v-äw-_À 13þ-\v s]m-¶m-\nbn-se I-cp-hm-«v a-\-bv-¡  ]-c-ta-iz-c³ \-¼q-Xncn-bp-tS-bpw {io-tZ-hn A-´À-P-\-¯n-tâ-bpw a-I- \m-bn P-\n-¨ sI.Fw. hm-kp-tZ-h³ \-¼q-Xn-cn-bm- Wv a-e-bm-fn-bp-sS hm-b-\m-\p-`-h-s¯ h-c-bn-eqsS ]p-\À-\nÀ-h-Nn-¨-Xv. k-v-IqÄ hn-Zym-`ym-k-t¯- ¡ mÄ ho-«nÂ-\n-¶p e-`n-¨ t{]m-Õm-l-\-hpw tem- I-I-e-sb sN-dp-¸-¯n-te A-dn-bm³ I-gn-ª -Xpam-Wv \-¼q-Xn-cn-sb a-Zn-cm-in-bn-se-¯n-¨-Xpw a-{Zmkv I-em {]-Øm-\-¯n-eq-sS kz-´w hy-àn-Xzw