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• Coveranno Red Plus Renewal
• Page 2
• milangngo zem Blej 2012026 630 34 ak alamy-2R5A44M
• kn-]n-sFFw hn-]p-eoIr-X PnÃm-I-½än2026 H-tÎm_À 3, 4 s]m-¶m\n kw-Lm-S-I-k-anXn c-£ m-[n-Im-cnIÄ AUz: ]n.sI. J-eo-ap-²o³ Sn.Fw. kn-²nJv Fw. Fw. \m-cm-b-W³ sN-bÀ-am³ ]n. \-μ-Ip-amÀ P-\: I¬-ho\À kn.]n. ap-l½-Zv Ipª n {S-jdÀ AUz: C. knÔp, I-hÀ Un-ssk³ {]-ho¬ ]p-Xp-tÈ-cn Un-ssk³ & te-Hu-«v InDesign F-S-¸mÄ {]nâwKv Im-en¡ -äv bq-Wn-th-gv-kn-än sk³-{S tImþHm-¸-td-äo-hv tÌmÀkv
• Page 5km-{am-Py-Xz-¯n-s\-Xn-sc F-¶pw s]m-cp-Xn-\n-¶ a-®m-Wv s]m-¶m-\n-bp-tS-Xv. ]-d-¦n-I-fp-sS sIm-Sn-b Nq-j-W-¯n-s\-Xn-sc F-gp-¯p-sIm-pw B-ßo-b-X sIm-pw sN-dp-¯p-\n-¶ ssk-\p-±o³ a-Jv-Zqw km-¶n-[y-am-bn-cp-¶ \m-Sv. A-t±-l-¯nsâ "Xp-lv-^-¯p ap-Pm-ln-Zo³ " F-¶ {K-Ùw B-Zy-s¯ N-cn-{X-tc-J-bm-bn I-W-¡ m-¡ -s¸-Sp-¶p. {_n-«o-jv `-c-W-¯n-\v Io-gn sXm-gn-em-fn Nq-j-W-hpw ap-X-em-fn-am-cp-sS lp-¦pw `o-j-Wn-bm-bn am-dn-b \m-fp-I-fn s]m-¶m-\n-bn-se _o-Un sX-dp-¸v tI-{μ-§ -fn \n-¶v D-bÀ-¶p-h-¶ ap-{Zm-hm-Iyw
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• Page 722250 namnoul nilsond ngo.nil. eunonilmad aomiord
• Page 8{]n-b-tc kn-]n-sF-Fw kw-Øm-\-X-e-¯n tIm-gn-t¡ m-Sv sh-¨v tNÀ-¶v hn-]p-eo-Ir-X kw-Øm-\ I-½n-än-bp-sS Xp-SÀ-¨-bm-bn 2026 H-tÎm-_À 3 4 Xo-b-Xn-I-fn s]m- ¶m-\n-bn sh-¨v hn-]p-eo-Ir-X Pn-Ãm-I-½n-än tbm-Kw tN-cp-I-bm-Wv C-Xv aq-¶m-as¯ X-h-W-bm-Wv s]m-¶m-\n Pn-Ãm-X-e-¯n-se kw-L-S-\ Iq-«m-bv-a-bv-¡ v th-Znbm-Ip-¶-Xv 1977 2015epw Pn-Ãm k-t½-f-\-§ Ä-¡ v ap³-]v s]m-¶m-\n th-Zn-bm-bncp-¶p. k-¦oÀ-W-am-b cm-{ão-b `-c-W-Im-e-am-Wv C-t¸mÄ \mw t\-cn-Sp-¶-Xv s]m- Å-bm-b hm-Kv-Zm-\-§ Ä \Â-In-bpw C-S-Xp-]-£ hn-cp-²-X {]-N-cn-¸n-¨pw P-\-§ - sf tam-l-§ -fp-sS X-S-h-d-bn B-¡ n t\-Sn-b-Xm-Wv bp-Un-F-^n-sâ \n-b-a-k- `m sX-c-sª -Sp-¸v ^-ew _n-sP-]n-bp-am-bp-Å c-l-ky-_-Ô-hpw hÀ-Ko-b hn-jam-b {]-N-c-W-§ -fpw H-cp ]-Xn-äm-p-Im-ew tI-c-f-¯n-\v C-S-Xp-]-£ w k-½m-\n- ¨ `-c-W t\-«-§ -sf hn-kv-a-cn-¸n-¡ p-¶ co-Xn-bn-ep-Å {]-hÀ-¯-\-§ Ä bp-Un-F- ^v \-S-¯n-b Ip-{]-N-c-W-§ Ä-¡ v km-[n-¨n-«p-v. F-¶m A-© p-am-kw ]n-¶n- Sp-t¼m-tg-¡ pw bp-Un-F-^n-sâ `-c-Ww G-Xv Zn-i-bn-te-¡ m-Wv \o-§ p-¶-Xv F-¶v hy-à-am-bn Xp-S-§ n-bn-cn-¡ p-¶p A-gn-a-Xn-¡ v I-f-sam-cp-§ p-¶ X-c-¯n A-Sn-ap- Sn Zp-cq-l-am-b H-cp {]-hÀ-¯-\ ssi-en-bm-Wv hn Un k-Xo-i³ kzo-I-cn-¨p sImn-cn-¡ p-¶-Xv Xp-S-¡ -¯n X-s¶ A-Zm-\n-¡ v th-n hn-gn-ª w t]mÀ-«n-se \ne-hn-se hy-h-Ø-IÄ-¡ v hn-cp-²-am-bn {]-hÀ-¯n-¡ p-hm³ A-h-k-cw \Â-In-bncn-¡ p-¶p a-äv {]-[m-\ Xp-d-ap-J-§ -fpw hn-ev-]-\-¡ m-bn \Â-Ip-sa-¶m-Wv Xp-d-ap-J a-{´n Iq-Sn-bm-b ap-Jy-a-{´n ]-d-bp-¶-Xv. ]-hÀ-I-«pw tem-Un-Mv C-Ãm-¯ tI-c-fw F-¶-Xm-bn-cp-¶p I-gn-ª
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• Page 10gas 2026 34 ofwolego od meg a em 1977 2015e30 l long le dels emine
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• Page 12ae¸p-dw a-tX-X-c-Xz-¯n-sâ a-ln-Xam-b a®v k: ]n-W-dm-bn hn-Pb³ kn.]n.sF.(Fw) t]m-fn-äv-_yqtdm AwKw G-sd k-hn-ti-j-X-I-fp-Å \m-Sm-Wv a-e-¸p-dw. kw-k-v-Ir-X km-ln-Xy-¯nÂ
• Page 13C-hÀ A-[n-Im-cw In-«n-b-t¸mÄ Cu hn-[-¯n hn-eyw tem-K³ sh-dpw A-¡ m-Z-ao-jy-\m-bn-cp-¶ns]-cp-am-dp-¶-Xn A-kzm-`m-hn-I-am-bn H-¶p-an-Ã. Ã, `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-bm-b, {_n-«o-jv a-e-_mÀ I-e-Î- 1921 se a-e-_mÀ ImÀ-jn-I I-em-]-s¯ ap-Éow-P- dm-bn-cp-¶p F-¶v HmÀ-¡ -Ww. F-¶n-«pw B hn- \-X-bp-sS lm-en-f-¡ w F-¶v {_n-«o-jv km-{am-Py- eyw tem-Ksâ dn-t¸mÀ-«v {_n-«o-jv kÀ-¡ mÀ Aw-Ko- Xzw hn-ti-jn-¸n-¨-t¸mÄ am-¸n-f-I-em-]w F-¶p I-cn-¨n-Ã. F-´p-sIm-v? A-Xv Aw-Ko-I-cn-¨mÂ, ap-{Z-b-Sn-¨v A-tX h-gn-¡ p-X-s¶ \o-§ p-I-bm-Wp A-Sp-¯ ]-Sn-bm-bn {]-iv-\-]-cn-lm-c-¯n-te-¡ p Iln-μp-Xz hÀ-¤o-b-i-àn-IÄ sN-bv-X-Xv F-¶- S-t¡ -n h-cpw. {]-iv-\-]-cn-lm-cw In-S-¡ p-¶-Xv `qtXmÀ-¡ p-I.
• Page 14km-{am-Py-Xzm-{in-X-cm-b ln-μp-Xz hÀ-Ko-b-X-bp- tkm-am-en-b F-¶p hn-fn-¨v B-t£ -]n-¨p. IÀ-®msS i-àn-IÄ Xp-SÀ-¶n-t§ m-«v F-¶pw hÀ-Ko-b-X- S-I \n-b-a-k-`m sX-c-sª -Sp-¸nsâ k-a-b-¯v tIsIm-p `n-¶n-¸n-¡ p-¶ B km-{am-Py-Xz-X-{´- {μ B-`y-´-c a-{´n ]-d-ª -Xv, tI-c-f-am-Wv A-Sp- ¯nsâ {]-tbm-àm-¡ -fm-bn \n-¶p F-¶-Xp ¯p In-S-¡ p-¶-Xv F-¶v F-Ãm-hÀ-¡ pw HmÀ-½ N-cn-{Xw. B-lzm-\-hpw Xm-¡ o-Xpw {]-kn-²o-I-cn-¨- th-Ww F-¶m-Wv. A-Xm-b-Xv, tI-c-fw IÀ-®m-S-I- Xn-s\ Xp-SÀ-¶p tZ-im-`n-am-\n-sb hn-e-¡ n-b km- ¯n-\v F-t´m h-en-b {]-iv-\-ap-m-¡ pw F-¶ {am-Py-Xz-¯nsâ-bpw A-Xnsâ hÀ-Ko-b k-Jy-i- [m-c-W kr-ãn-¡ m-\m-Wv tI-{μ B-`y-´-c a-{´n àn-bp-sS-bpw ZpÀ-hym-Jym-\-§ -sf I-ayq-Wn-Ìp- {i-an-¨-Xv. C-¡ -gn-ª tem-I-v-k-`m C-e-Ivvj³ k-a- ImÀ F-¶pw sN-dp-¯p-t]m-¶p F-¶-Xpw N-cn- b-¯v IÀ-®m-S-I-bn-se _n sP ]n Øm-\mÀ-°n {Xw.
• Page 15kv-t\-ln-I-fp-sS Cu \m-Sn-s\ kn-\n-a-I-fn ¯p-h-¨v B-tem-Nn-¡ p-¶-Xn X-s¶-bpw AÀ-°- t]m-epw Nn-eÀ hn-Ir-X-am-bn Nn-{Xo-I-cn-¡ p-¶p an-Ã. C-´y-bn-se an-¡ _qÀ-jzm P-\m-[n-]-Xy I- F-¶-Xp \nÀ-`m-Ky-I-c-am-Wv. A-¯-cw {i-a-§ Ä £ n-I-fp-sS-bpw \n-e G-sd-sbm-¶pw hy-Xy-kv-X-a-Ã. ]-g-b ln-μp-hÀ-¤ob {]-Nm-c-W-¯nsâ-A-t_m-[- C-¯-cw cm-{ão-b ]mÀ-Sn-IÄ-¡ n-S-bn-em-Wv hy-Xn-cn- ]qÀ-Æ-am-b kzm-[o-\-¯m-em-Wv F-¶-Xp Xn-cn-¨-dn- à-am-b P-\m-[n-]-Xy kw-L-S-\m {I-a-t¯m-Spw ª v A-h-bn \n-¶p ]n³-hm-§ -W-sa-¶v A-`yÀ- kz-X-{´ A-`n-{]m-b-{]-I-S-\ kzm-X-{´y-t¯m-Spw °n-¡ -s«. a-X-\n-c-t]-£ -X-bn hn-«p-ho-gv-N ]m-Sn- Iq-Sn I-½yq-Wn-Ìv ]mÀ-Sn Hm-^v C-´y (amÀ-I-v-kn- à F-¶ A-N-© -e-X-bp-sS k-tμ-i-am-Wp a-e-¸p- Ìv) th-dn-«p-\nÂ-¡ p-¶-Xv. dw ap-t¶m-«p-sh-¡ p-¶ ]mTw. Cu \m-Sn-s\-bpw C- Hm-tcm aq-¶p hÀ-j-¯n-epw Xm-sg-¯-«p ap-X Xnsâ N-cn-{X-s¯-bpw _-lp-kz-c-am-b kw-k-v-Im- tI-{μ-I-½n-än h-sc-bpw A-Xn \n-¶v t]m-fn-äv _yqc-s¯-bpw a-\-Ên-em-¡ m³ F-Ãm-h-cpw X-¿m-dm- tdm-bn-te-¡ pw sX-c-sª -Sp-¸v \-S-¡ p-¶p. P-\m-[nh-Ww, {]-tXy-In-¨v cm-{ão-b ]mÀ-«n-IÄ.
• Page 16hn-]p-eo-Ir-X kw-Øm-\ I-½n-än F-´v? F-´n-\v? k: Fw.hn tKm-hn-μ³ am-ÌÀ kn.]n.sF.(Fw) kw-kv--Ym-\ sk-{I-«-dn
• Page 17epw X-¿m-dm-¡ n. A-Xn B-bn-c-¡ -W-¡ n-\v A- Xp-hn-ep-Å cm-{ão-b {]-Xy-b-im-kv-{X Im-cy-§ -fp-am- `n-{]m-b-§ -fm-Wv e-`n-¨-Xv. A-¡ m-cy-§ -fpw ]mÀ-- bn _-Ô-¸-«v In-S-¡ p-¶-Xv Iq-Sn-bm-Wv. A-¯-cw cwn kw-kv--Ym-\ I-½n-än ]-cn-tim-[n-¡ p-I-bp-m- K-§ -fn-se-Ãmw h-¶n-«p-Å t]m-cm-bv--a-IÄ Xn-cp-¯pbn.
• Page 18¯c-sam-cp km-l-N-cy-¯n F-§ -s\ C-S-s]-S- Wv ap-t¶m-«p-t]m-Ip-¶-Xv. tI-{μ kÀ-¡ m-cn-sâ B- W-sa-¶-Xv kw-_-Ôn-¨v Iq-Sp-X hy-à-X h-cp- tKm-f-hÂ-¡ -c-W \-b-§ Ä-¡ pw, hÀ-¤o-b A-P-- A-¯-cw Im-cy-§ -fpw Cu hn-im- IÄ¡ pw Io-gv-s¸-«p-sIm-m-Wv ap-t¶m-«p-t]m-Ipt¯--Xp-v. ¶-Xv. Cu \-b-k-ao-]-\-§ Ä tI-c-fw t\-Sn-b t\-« e I-½n-än-bp-sS ]-cn-K-W-\-¡ v h-cp-¶-Xm-Wv. cm-Py-¯v `-c-W-L-S-\m aq-ey-§ -sf X-IÀ-¯v § -sf-Ãmw X-IÀ-¡ p-¶-hn-[-ap-Å-Xm-Wv. Cu km-lap-t¶-dm³ {i-an-¡ p-¶ kw-L-]-cn-hm-dn-\v aq-¶v N-cy-¯n \mw t\-Sn-b t\-«-§ -sf kw-c-£ n-¡ m-\p- C-Xn-\v C-S- Å {]-hÀ-¯-\§ -fpw cq-]-s¸-Sp-¯p-I F-¶-Xpw ko-äv tI-c-f¯n t\-Sm-\m-bn-«p-v. bm-¡ n-b km-l-N-cy-§ -sf i-cn-bm-b co-Xn-bn C-Xn-sâ `m-K-am-bn h-cp-¶-Xm-Wv. sX-c-sª -Sp-¸v
• Page 19Iq-Sp-XÂ I-cp-X-tem-sS I-cp-t¯m-sS P-\-§ -fn-te-¡ v k: F. hn-P-b-cm-L-h³ kn.]n.sF.(Fw) t]m-fn-äv-_yqtdm AwKw C-¡ -gn-ª
• Page 20A-Sn-¯-d X-IÀ-¡ m-\m-{K-ln-¡ p-¶ BÀ.F- ¡ n-b Xn-c-sª -Sp-¸v k-Jy-¯n ln-μp, ap-Énw, {Inkv.F-kv hn-`m-h-\w sN-¿p-¶ \yq-\-]-£ hn-I-k- kv-Xy³, hÀ-Ko-b-X-I-sf-bpw D-]-tbm-K-s¸-Sp-¯n. C- \w cm-{ão-b `-c-W-\-b-am-bn C-Xn-\-Iw ]-cn-l-cn- S-Xp-]-£ kÀ-¡ m-cn-sâ t\-«-§ -sf a-d-¨p-sh-¨pw ¡ m³ I-gn-ª n-«p-v.
• Page 21h-e-Xp-]-£ -¯n-\v F-Ãm-Im-e-¯pw H-cp-an-¨v _n.sP.]n \-b-§ -fp-sS \-S-¯n-¸n-\m-Wv hn.Un k- \n-¶v I-½yq-Wn-Ìp-Im-sc A-Sn-¨-aÀ-¯m-\m-hn-Ã. Xo-i-sâ `-c-Ww B-cw-`n-¨n-cn-¡ p-¶-Xv. K-hÀ-WÀ \- hÀ-¤-]-c-am-b A-Xn-sâ D-Å-S-¡ w {]-tbm-P-\-X- S-¸n-em-¡ p-¶ BÀ.F-kv.F-kv A-P--IÄ-¡ v \ne-¯n te-¡ v sIm-p-h-cp-t¼mÄ B-`y-´-c XÀ- i-Ð-am-bn taÂ-NmÀ-¯v \-S-¯p-¶ ap-Jy-a-{´n-bm- ¡ -§ Ä kq-£ v-a-am-hp-I-X-s¶ sN-¿pw. _-Z W-Xv. A-[n-Im-c-¯n-\m-bn ap-Énw eo-Kpw Cu \-bw ap-t¶m-«v sh-¨v tI-c-f-¯n H-cp Z-im-Ðw BÀ.F-kv.F-kv hÂ-¡ -c-W-¯n-s\m-¸w \nÂ-¡ p- ]n-¶n-« C-S-Xp-]-£ kÀ-¡ m-dn-sâ `-c-W-¯n ¶p. h-tμ-am-X-cw ]qÀ-W-am-bn B-e-]n-¨pw ]n. Fw. hy-Xy-kv-X-am-bn k-¼-¶ Xm-Xv-]-cy-§ -fp-am-bn {io \-S-¸n-em-¡ m³ t\-Xr-Xzw \Â-In-bpw C-Xv Abp.Un.F-^v ap-t¶m-«p t]m-hp-t¼mÄ Cu Xn-c- hÀ sX-fn-bn-¡ p-¶p-v.
• ap-Énw eo-Kn-sâ A-Sn-Øm-\w hÀ-¤o-b-X-bm-Wv(hÀ-¯-am-\w) k: ]m-tem-fn ap-l-½-Zv Ip-«n
• Page 23\yq-\-]-£ -§ -fp-am-bn _-Ô-s¸-«n {]-tXy-In-¨v ap- kn. F-¨v. km-bn-_m-bn-cp-¶p A-¶-s¯ ap-Énw Éo-§ -fp-am-bn _-Ô-s¸-«v \mw Ip-td C-S-s]-S-epeo-Kn-sâ {]m-kw-Kn-I³. ]m-W-¡ m-«v X-§ -fm-bn-cp- IÄ \-S-¯n-bn-cp-¶-tÃm ?
• Page 24A-Xn-Po-h-\-hpw ap-t¶-ä-hpw, ap-Énw kv-{Xo-IÄ ]n-¶n-« A-c\q-äm-v. k: ]n sI ssk-\-_ kn.]n.sF.(Fw) kwØm-\ I-½n-än AwKw ae¸p-dw PnÃ-bnse P-\-kw-Jy-bp-sS 70%¯n-e- [n-Iw ap-Énw a-X-\yq-\-]-£ -§ Ä A-[n-h-kn-¡ p- ¶ Pn-Ã-bm-Wv a-e-¸pdw. tem-I-¯v X-s¶ G-ä-hpw ap-Énw s]¬-Ip-«n-IÄ-¡ v k-v-IqÄ ]T-\-¯n-\v kvp-¶ \-K-c-§ - tIm-fÀ-jn-¸v {]-Jym-]n-¨-Xv.
• Page 25a-e-¸p-dw Pn-Ã-bn s]¬-Ip-«n-I-fp-sS ]p-Xp-X-e-ap-d D-bÀ-¶n-«p-v. `-ck-{¼-Zm-bw D-m-bn-cp-¶p. h-en-sbm-cp ]-¦v ]-© m-b-¯p-IÄ `-cn-¨n-cp-¶ X-\m-Syw I-fn-¨-Xn-sâ t]-cn {`-ãv IÂ-¸n-¡ -s¸-«nap-Énw eo-Kv A-h-cp-sS t\-Xm-¡ -fp-sS `m-cy-am-sc- cp-¶ a³kn-b-bp-sS-bpw Ip-Spw-_-¯n-\v A-Xn-s\ tbm _-Ôp-¡ -sf B-Wv A-§ -s\ t\m-an-t\-äv {]-Xn-tcm-[n-¡ m-\pw A-Xn-Po-hn-¡ m-\pw I-gn-ª -Xv sN-bv-Xn-cp-¶-Xv. A-§ n-s\ t\m-an-t\-äv sN-¿- Pn-Ã-bn-se ]p-tcm-K-a-\ {]-Øm-\-¯n-sâ ]n-´p-Ws¸-Sp-¶ kv-{Xo-IÄ-¡ v
• Page 26k: hn. ]n. A-\n kn.]n.sF.(Fw) a-e-¸p-dw PnÃm sk-{I«dn ae¸p-dw: ]mÀ-«n sI-«n-¸-Sp-¯-h-cpw sk-{I-«-dn-am-cpw sX-c-sª -Sp-¸v tXmÂ-hn-I-fp-sS ^-e-am-bp- Ip-¶-Xv--. \n-b-a-k-`m sX-c-sª -Sp-¸v ]-cm-P-b-¯n- Xn-cn-¨-Sn-I-fnÂ-\n-¶v-- ]mÀ-Sn-sb ^-e-{]-Z-am- \v ]-e Im-c-W-§ -fp-v. kw-L-S-\m-]-c-hpw cm-jv-- m-b bn ap-t¶m-«p-\-bn-¡ m-\p-Å NÀ-¨-I-fpw Xo-cp-am-\- {So-b-hpw `-c-W-]-c-hp-am-b L-S-I-§ -fpw A-Xn § -fp-sa-Sp-¡ p-¶-Xn-\m-Wv-- kn-]n-sF(Fw) kw- DÄ-t¨À-¶n-«p-v.
• Page 27FÂ-Un-F-^v X-IÀ-¶p-sh-¶v ]-d-bp-¶-hÀ N-cn- {Xw a-\-Ên-em-¡ m-¯-h-cm-Wv. \n-c-h-[n {]-Xn-k- Ôn-IÄ A-Xn-Po-hn-¨m-Wv-- ]mÀ-«n h-fÀ-¶-Xv. \ntcm-[n-¨n-«pw ssN-\m-Nm-c-·m-sc-¶v ]-d-ª v P-bnen-e-S-¨n-«pw A-Sn-b-´-cm-h-Ø-bn th-«-bm-Sn-bnpw ]mÀ-«n X-IÀ-¶p-t]m-bn-«n-Ã. 1977þ-se sX-csª -Sp-¸n cm-Py-¯v-- tIm¬-{K-kv ]-cm-P-b-s¸- n-«pw tI-c-f-¯n A-hÀ P-bn-¨p. \n-b-a-k-`-bn e-`n-¨-Xv 17 ko-äv am-{X-am-Wv. F-¶m tI-c-f-¯nsâ N-cn-{X-¯n-en-Ãm-¯ Xp-SÀ-`-c-W-¯n-te-¡ v-- kn- ]n-sF Fw t\-Xr-Xzw \Â-Ip-¶ C-S-Xp-ap-¶-Wn- ¡ v-- h-f-cm-\m-sb-¶-Xpw \-½p-sS ap-¶n-ep-v--. kÀ-¡ m-cn-s\-Xn-sc-bpw C-S-Xp-ap-¶-Wn-s¡ - ]m-e-¡ m-Sv, tIm-gn-t¡ m-Sv Pn-Ãm I-½n-än-I- Xn-sc-bpw I-Å {]-Nm-c-W-§ Ä \-S-¯n-bm-Wv bp- fnÂ-\n-¶v, ]p-Xp-Xm-bn cq-]o-I-cn-¨ a-e-¸p-dw tI- Un-F-^v sX-c-sª -Sp-¸n-\n-d-§ n-b-Xv. F Un F- {μo-I-cn-¨v 1969 Pq¬ 20\v Pn-Ãm I-½n-än cq-]o-I-cn- ^n-s\-Xn-cm-b H-cp hn-im-e-k-Jy-am-Wv A-Xn-\m-bn ¡ p-t¼mÄ Xm-eq-¡ v A-Sn-Øm-\-¯n-em-bn-cp-¶p A-hÀ cq-]-s¸-Sp-¯n-b-Xv. ]-e-hn-[-¯n-ep-Å C-h- ]mÀ-«n {]-hÀ-¯-\w. G-d-\m-Sv, Xn-cqÀ, s]m-¶m-\n, cp-sS I-Å {]-Nm-c-W-§ -fn P-\-§ Ä sX-än-²-cn- s]-cn-´Â-a-® Xm-eq-¡ v I-½n-än-I-fpw \n-e-¼qÀ a- ¡ -s¸-Sp-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p. P-am A-s¯ C-Ém-an-b-S- Þ-ew I-½n-än-bp-am-Wv {]-hÀ-¯n-¨n-cp-¶-Xv. ]m- ¡ -ap-Å-h-sc Iq-«p-]n-Sn-¨m-bn-cp-¶p bp-Un-F-^v tem-fn ap-l-½-Zv-Ip-«n sk-{I-«-dn-bm-bn 15 Aw-K Pnap-t¶m-«p t]m-b-Xv. bp Un F-^n-\p-thm Ãm I-½n-än-bm-Wv A-¶v-- cq-]o-I-cn-¨-Xv. ap-Énw-eo-Kn- Ip-cp-¡ m-¯ \p-W-I-f-S-¡ w P-am-A-s¯ C-Ém- \v ta-[m-hn-Xz-ap-Å Pn-Ã-bn A-h-cp-sS kw-L-Snan {]-N-cn-¸n-¨p. bp-Un-F-^v hn-P-bw X-§ -fp-sS {]- X B-{I-a-W-§ -sf A-Xn-Po-hn-¨m-Wv ]mÀ-Sn h-fÀhÀ-¯-\-^-e-am-sb-¶v A-h-Im-i-s¸-Sp-I-bpw sN- ¶-Xv. a-X-þ-km-ap-Zm-bn-I t\-Xr-Xz-§ -sf D-]-tbm- ¿p-¶p. Xo-{h hÀ-Ko-b-X-sb D-]-tbm-K-s¸-Sp-¯p-I- Kn-¨pw Im-bn-I-am-bn B-{I-an-¨pw `-c-W-Iq-S `o-I-cbm-bn-cp-¶p bp-Un-F-^v.
• PnÃm sk-{I-«-dn-amÀ]msem-fn ap-l-½-Zv-Ip«n C-¼-¨n_m-h sk-bv-Xm-en-¡ p«n
• Page 29s]m-¶m-\n-¯w km-ln-Xy-I-e-bn s{]m^. Fw Fw \m-cm-b-W³ k-¼-¶-am-Wv s]m-¶m-\n-bp-sS km-ln-Xy-]m-c- hm-hpw bp-h-Xn-bpw X-½n-ep-Å th-gv--N-bn ]n-d-¶ ¼-cy-sa-¶-Xv kÀ-Æ-k-½-X-am-b Im-cy-am-Wv. B Ip-ª m-Wv, Xp-SÀ-¶v, A-\y-Ym-in-Yn-e-am-b t\m-h-enk-ar-²n, A-f-hn-epw Kp-W-¯n-epw kw-Zr-iy-am- se D-]-I-Y-I-sf tImÀ-¯p-sI-«p-I-bpw, I-Y-bp-sS Wv. Kp-W-ta-·-bm-h-s« k-hn-ti-j-hpw A-\y-`n- ]-cn-k-am-]v--Xn-h-sc k-© -cn-s¨-¯p-I-bpw sN-¿p-¶ ¶-hp-am-Wv. 'hn-iz-\m-Y³'. kÀ-tÆm-]-cn Po-hn-Xw kp-μ-c-am-sWsX-t¡ -a-e-_m-dn-sâ-bpw Xp-SÀ-¶v tI-c-f-¯n- ¶pw am-\p-j-sc-Ãm-cpw kp-μ-c-·m-cpw kp-μ-cn-I-fpsâ-bpw N-cn-{X Po-hn-X-s¯ Km-V-am-bn kzm-[o- am-sW-¶p-ap-Å D-dq-_n-sâ A-Xyp-Zm-c-am-b ZÀ-i-\w \n-¨ a-e-_mÀ I-em-]w, A-\p-`-h-X-e-¯n-e-Ã, A- I-em-]w D-gp-Xp-a-dn-¨ a-®nÂ-X-s¶-bm-Wv hn-f-ª p- \p-`q-Xn a-Þ-e-¯n-em-Wv s]m-¶m-\n-bp-sS km- \n-¶-Xv. aq-ly tN-X-\-bn {]-Xn-^-en-¨-Xv. Im-hy-`m-h-\-
• Page 30F-t¸m-gpw A-dn-b-I-bpw ]-d-bp-I-bpw sN-¿p- ¶p-v. C-S-tÈ-cn-bp-sS hn-Jym-X-\m-S-I-am-b "Iqp-Ir-jn"bn-epw, P-·n-þ-Ip-Sn-bm³ {]-iv--\-¯n-\v k-am-´-c-am-bn ln-μp-þ-ap-Énw {]-iv-\--hpw hn-\ykn-¡ p-¶p-v.
• s]m-¶m-\n-bp-sS kmw-k-v-Im-cn-I ss]-Xr-IwBet¦m-Sv eo-em-Ir-jvW³ s]m-¶m-\n-bp-sS ss]-Xr-I-hpw A-£ -c \-thm-°m-\-hpw C-t¸mÄ a-e-¸p-dw Pn-Ã-bnÂ
• Page 32am-§ m-¸m-«v, ap-«-¸m-«v, aq- -¸m-«v, Ip-¸n-¸m-«v, \-cn-¸m-«v, It¨m-S-¸m-«v, a-¡ m-\n-¸m-«v, ]pen-¸m-«v, \n-k-v-Im-c-¸m-«v, bm- {Xm-¸m-«v, tXm-Wn-¸m-«v, am-e- ¸m-«v, ssa-em-© n-¸m-«v F-¶n- § -s\ Po-hn-X-¯n-sâ F-Ãm A-\p-`-h-§ -sf-bpw sIm-cp- ¯p-sI-«n-b am-¸n-f-¸m-«p-I-fpsS ]-c-¼-c-bn A-Sm-W-tÈcn lw-k-sb-t¸m-se {]-i-kv- X-\m-b H-cp Km-\-c-N-bn-Xm-hv s]m-¶m-\n \-K-c-t¯m-Sv tNÀ-¶pm-bn-cp-¶p.
• Page 33Iq-Sn F-XnÀ-¯n-«pw A-Xn-s\-sb-Ãmw Xr-W-hÂ-¡ - I-gn-ª n-«n-Ã. ]-t£ A-Xn-\p-ti-jw C-¼n-¨n-_m-hcn-¨v ap-Énw kv-{Xo-IÄ h-sc A-¶v C-hn-sS k-a-c-cw- bm-Wv s]m-¶m-\n-bp-sS cm-{ão-b \-thm-°m-\ \m- K-¯n-d-§ n. sIm-fm-Sn _m-e-Ir-jv-W³ F-¶ D-®n, b-I-\m-bn am-dn-b-Xv. h-f-sc km-[m-c-W-¡ m-cm-b C. sI. C-¼n-¨n-_m-h, sIm-fm-Sn tKm-hn-μ³-Ip-«n, ]m-h-s¸-« a-Õy-s¯m-gn-em-fn-IÄ ]mÀ-¡ p-¶ ]n. ]n. _o-cm³-Ip-«n Xp-S-§ n C. bp. Pn. ta-t\m³ s]m-¶m-\n I-S-¸p-d-¯n-sâ lr-Z-bw C-¼n-¨n-_m-h- Xp-S-§ n [m-cm-fw ap-¶-\n-c I-½yq-Wn-Ìv t]m-cm-fn- tbm-sSm-¸-am-bn-cp-¶p. C-¼n-¨n-_m-h D-m-¡ n-sb- IÄ B k-a-cw ]Tn-¸n-¨ hÀ-¤-]mT-hp-am-bn-«m-Wv D- Sp-¯ am-ä-§ -fm-Wv s]m-¶m-\n-sb B-[p-\n-Io-I- WÀ-¶p-h-¶-Xv.
• k-an-Xn-bp-sS D-Zv-Lm-S-\-¯n-\m-Wv Iq-«p-Ir-jn A-"sh-fn-¨w Xq-In-Sp-t´m-fpw h-X-cn-¸n-¡ -s¸-«-Xv. A-Xn-sâ ]n-¶m-se h-¶ \m-S- ]q-PmÀ-lw Xm-s\m-cm-i-bw
• Page 35tI-f-¸-sâ-bpw sI. hn. \q-dp-±o³ km-ln-_n-sâ ]n- Xm-hn-sâ-bpw s]m-¶m-\n X-§ -fp-sS-bp-sam-s¡ t\-Xr-Xz-¯n N-{a-h-«-¯p sh-¨v X-S-ª -Xv. tI-f- ¸-\m-Wv Xn-cp-\m-hm-b-bn kÀ-tÆm-Z-b ta-f-bv-¡ v Xp-S-¡ -an-«-Xv. tI-f-¸-sâ im-´n-Ip-So-c-am-Wv kÀtÆm-Z-b {]-Øm-\-¯n-sâ tI-{μw. A-¡ m-e-¯v If-¦-a-ä tZ-i-kv-t\-l-¯n-\v {]-Xn-^-e-am-bn In-«n-b {Iq-c ]o-U-\-§ -sf Xp-SÀ-¶v 1935þ £ -bw ]n-Sn-¨v a-cn-¨ ]-d-bn-cn-¡  Ir-jv-W-¸-Wn-¡ -sc-bpw A-Xnsâ Iq-sS HmÀ-¡ -Ww. sI. hn. \q-dp-±o³ km-ln- _v, t{X-kym So-¨À, kn. tNm-bp-®n, _m-e-Ir-jv-Wta-t\m³, Ip-ª n-¡ -®³ \m-bÀ Xp-S-§ n [m-cmfw t]À A-¡ m-e-¯v C-hn-sS kzm-X-{´y-k-a-c {]- Øm-\-§ -fn ]-s¦-Sp-¯n-cp-¶p. F³. ]n. Zm-tam- Z-c³ ]-g-b s]m-¶m-\n Xm-eq-¡ n X-h-\qÀ `m-K- ¯m-Wv Po-hn-¨-Xv. sI. ]n. kn. kn. {]-kn-Uâm-bncp-¶ sI. ]n. sam-bv-Xo³-Ip-«n s]m-¶m-\n-¡ -Sp-¯v Ip-än-¸p-d-¯m-bn-cp-¶p Po-hn-¨n-cp-¶-Xv. a-e-¸p-dw Pn-Ã-bv-¡ v ap³-ssI-sb-Sp-¯-Xv C. Fw. F-kv. B-Wv. kzm-X-{´ym-\-´-c Im-e-¯pw ae-_mÀ hmÀ-ssW-hv-kv B-Îv (Malabar Special Police / Acts), am-¸n-f Hu-«v-td-P-kv B-Îv Xp-S-§ nb I-cn-\n-b-a-§ Ä-¡ n-c-bm-bn-cp-¶ a-e-¸p-d-s¯ ap-Énw P-\-hn-`m-K-§ -sf-bpw s]m-¶m-\n-bn-se ap- Énw P-\-hn-`m-K-§ -sf-bpw P-\m-[n-]-Xy-¯n-sâ Hcp kw-c-£ -W-¯n-te-¡ v D-bÀ-¯n-b-Xv C. Fw. F-kv. B-Wv. A-§ -s\ B-tem-Nn-¨m ]-g-b s]m-¶m-\n \Â-In-b ]p-tcm-K-a-\ km-aq-ln-I cm- {ão-b N-e-\-§ -fm-Wv \-½p-sS \m-Sn-s\ C-¶v Im- Wp-¶ hn-[-¯n a-tX-X-c {]-tZ-i-am-¡ n am-än-b-Xv. Nn-{X-I-em ]m-c-¼-cyw s]m-¶m-\n-¡ -Sp-¯v sh-fn-b-t¦m-«m-Wv hn-iz- {]-kn-²-\m-b Nn-{X-Im-c³ sI. kn. F-kv. ]-Wn- ¡ À ]n-d-¶-Xv. a-{Zm-kn-se k-v-IqÄ Hm-^v ss^³ BÀ-Sv-kn-sâ Øm-]-I ta-[m-hn-bpw t{]m-{K-ko-hv BÀ-«n-Ìv aq-hv-saân-sâ t\-Xm-hp-am-bn-cp-¶ sI. kn. F-kv. B-Wv Xm-{´n-I I-e-bn A-[n-jvTn-Xam-b \-½p-sS Nn-{X-I-em ]m-c-¼-cy-¯n-\v tem-tIm- ¯-c-am-b B-[p-\n-I-X kr-ãn-¨p \Â-In-b-Xv. tc- Jm-Nn-{X-§ -fp-sS X-¼p-cm³ F-¶v hn-ti-jn-¸n-¡ - s¸-«BÀ-«n-Ìv \-¼q-Xn-cn-bpw s]m-¶m-\n-¡ m-c-\mbn-cp-¶p. s]m-¶m-\n I-cp-hm-«v a-\-bn-em-Wv A-t±- lw P-\n-¨-Xv. hn-iz-{]-kn-² Nn-{X-Im-cn Sn. sI. ]- ßn-\n F-S-¸mÄ-¡ m-cn-bm-bn-cp-¶p; \-¼q-Xn-cn-bpsS in-jy-bp-am-bn-cp-¶p. B ]m-c-¼-cy-¯n Ct¸m-gpw s]m-¶m-\n \-K-cw tI-{μo-I-cn-¨v 'NmÀt¡ mÄ' t]m-ep-Å h-en-b Nn-{X-I-em {]-Øm-\- § Ä {]-hÀ-¯n-¡ p-¶p-v. D-]-kw-lm-cw: am-\-hn-I-X-bp-sS Xp-d-ap-Jw ]n-s¶-bpw ]n-s¶-bpw t]-sc-Sp-¯p ]-d- ª m Xo-cm-¯-{X F-{X-sb-{X-tbm I-em-Im-c-·mcpw F-gp-¯p-Im-cpw km-aq-ly-{]-hÀ-¯-I-cpw \- thm-°m-\ k-tμ-i-hm-l-I-cpw cm-{ão-b t\-Xm-¡ - fpw s]m-¶m-\n-bp-sS kmw-k-v-Im-cn-I N-cn-{X-¯nep-v. A-]m-c-am-b a-\p-jy-kv-t\-l-am-Wv s]m- ¶m-\n kw-k-v-Im-c-¯n-sâ A-Sn-Øm-\-[m-c. s]m- ¶m-\n H-cp-Im-e-¯pw A-]-cn-jv-Ir-X {]-tZ-i-am-bncp-¶n-Ã. \n-jv-I-f-¦-am-b kv-t\-l-hpw Xp-d-¶ a-\- Êpw D-Zm-c-am-b B-Xn-Yy-hpw I-e-h-d-bn-Ãm-¯ Imcp-Wy-hp-am-bn Cu Xp-d-¶ A-gn-ap-Jw t]m-se-¯- s¶ N-cn-{X-¯n-sâ s]m-¶m-\n Xp-d-ap-Jw F-{Xtbm \q-äm-p-I-fm-bn
• \n-e-¼qÀ B-bn-j þI-e-bn-se h-\n-Xm t]m-cm-fn-¡ v \-h-Xn
• Page 37Fw F t_-_n-bm-Wv `-h-\-¯n-sâ Xm-t¡ m ssI-am-dn-b-Xv. h-f-sc {]-Xm-]-t¯m-sS I-gn-ª n-cp-¶ H-cp Ip-«n-¡ m-ew, A-Im-e-¯n D-m-b ]n-Xm-hn-sâ a-c-Ww, A-tXm-sS Zm-cn-{Zy-¯n-te-¡ v ]-Xn-¨ Po-hn- Xw, _-Ôp-¡ -fp-sS Xm-ev-]-cy-{]-Im-cw ]-Xn-aq-¶mw h-b-Ên hn-t[-b-am-tI-n h-¶ H-cp _m-ey hnhm-lw, G-Xm-\pw Zn-h-k-§ Ä am-{Xw \o-p-¶
• em-k-an-Xn-¡ v th-nC sI A-b-ap c-Nn-¨ " C-Öv \-sÃm-cp a-\p-k-\m-Im³ t\m-¡ v" F-¶ \m-S-I- ¯n-em-Wv B-bn-j B-Zyw A-`n-\-bn-¨-Xv. F-XnÀ- ¸p-IÄ H-gn-hm-¡ m³ th-n B-bn-j-bp-sS cw-K- {]-th-iw \m-S-I-kw-Lw c-l-ky-am-¡ n sh-¨p. tlgv-k-ep-IÄ F-Ãmw B-cp-a-dn-bm-sX cm-{Xn-I-fn Hä-s¸-« X-e-§ -fn t]m-bn A-hÀ \-S-¯n. I-½yq- Wn-Ìv ]mÀ-«n-bp-sS B-`n-ap-Jy-¯n ^-dq-¡ n-se e-£ v-an F-¶ sIm-«-I-bn \m-S-Im-h-X-c-Ww \-S- ¯n-b-t¸m-gm-Wv B-bn-j B-Zy-am-bn A-c-§ n-se- ¯n-b-Xv. A-Xv H-cp hn-¹-hw X-s¶ kr-ãn-¨p.
• Page 39\n-e-¼qÀ _m-e-sâ t\-Xr-Xz-¯n-epw ]n-¶o-Sv hn-hnk-an-Xn-I-fp-sS t\-Xr-Xz-¯n-epw tI-c-f-am-sI B \m-S-Iw A-h-X-cn-¸n-¡ -s¸-«p. tIm-gn-t¡ m-Sv {]- hÀ-¯n-¡ p-¶ Sn kp-tc-jv _m-_p t\-Xr-Xzw sIm- Sp-¡ p-¶ "\m-S-I {Km-aw" F-¶ k-an-Xn 20 21 h-sc Cu \m-S-Iw A-h-X-cn-¸n-¨n-cp-¶p. tI-c-f-¯n-\v H-cp C-S-Xp-]-£ a-\-Êv cq-]-s¸- Sp-¯n sIm-Sp-¡ p-¶-Xn-epw, tI-c-fw cq-]o-Ir-X-am-b ti-jw \-S-¶ H-¶m-a-s¯ sX-c-sª -Sp-¸n Xs¶ I-½yq-Wn-Ìv ]mÀ-«n-bp-sS t\-Xr-Xz-¯n-ep-Å H-cp kÀ-¡ mÀ \n-e-hn h-cp-¶ km-l-N-cyw H-cp- ¡ n-b-Xn-epw, A-Xp-h-gn tI-c-fo-bÀ-¡ v sa-¨-s¸-«Hcp Po-hn-Xw ]-Sp-¯p-bÀ-¯p-¶-Xn-epw tI-c-f-¯nsâ \m-S-I-{]-Øm-\w h-ln-¨ ]-¦v N-cn-{X-¯n-sâ `m-K-am-Wv. 1950I-fn Im-bw-Ip-f-¯v sI-]n-F-kn, F-d-Wm-Ip-f-¯v ]n sP Bâ-Wn-bp-sS kw-Lw, tIm-gn-t¡ m-Sv sI Sn-bp-sS kw-Lw, h-Åp-h-\m-«n sN-dp-Im-Sn-sâ kw-Lw, In-g-¡ ³ G-d-\m-«n C sI A-b-ap-hn-sâ kw-Lw Xp-S-§ n-b \m-S-I Iq-«mbv-a-IÄ Cu \m-S-I ap-t¶-ä-¯n t\-Xr-Xz-]-c-amb ]-¦p-h-ln-¨p. C sI A-bv-ap-hn³-sd kw-L-¯nsâ B-th-i-hpw A-`n-am-\-hpw B-bn-cp-¶p \n-e- ¼qÀ B-bn-j. \n-e-¼qÀ bp-h-P-\ I-em-k-an-Xn-¡ v \m-S-Im-h- X-c-Ww F-¶-Xv I-ayq-Wn-Ìv ]mÀ-«n-bp-sS B-i-b {]-N-c-W-¯n-\p-Å H-cp D-]m-[n-bm-bn-cp-¶p. \m-S- I-¯n-eq-sS P-\-§ -fn-te-¡ v ]-I-cp-¶ ]p-tcm-K-a-\ B-i-b-§ Ä-¡ v ]p-d-ta \m-S-I A-h-X-c-W-¯n-\p ap-¼v ]-cn-k-c-hm-kn-I-sf-bpw \m-S-I kw-L-s¯- bpw H-¶n-¨n-cp-¯n \n-e-¼qÀ _m-e³ sIm-Sp-¯n-cp-¶ ]mÀ-«n ¢m-kp-IÄ \m-S-I kw-L-¯n-sâ {]-hÀ-¯- \-¯n-sâ H-cp `m-K-am-bn-cp- ¶p. Cu ¢m-kp-IÄ h-gn-bm- Wv Xm³ I-½yq-Wn-Ìp-Im-cn B-b-sX-¶v \n-e-¼qÀ B-bnj A-`n-am-\-t¯m-sS ]-dbm-dp-v. \n-e-¼qÀ bp-h-P-\ I-em-k-an-Xn-¡ v ti-jw \n-e-¼qÀ
• Po-hn-X-Nn-{X-W-§ -fn-se tZ-i-s¸-cp-a kXojv kqcy³Nn-{X-I-e-bn-se s]m-¶m-\n ]-Wn-¡ À Xp-S-¡ -an-«ap-t¶-äw
• Un.]n. cq-]-s¸-Sp-¯m³ k-lm-bn-¸m-X-bn-en-cp-¶v tdm-bv Nu-[-cn Nn-{Xw h-c- ¨-Xpw. tdm-bv Nu-[-cn-¡ pw bv-¡ p-¶-Xv A-t±-lw Iu- sI.kn.F-kv. ]-Wn-¡ Àt\m-¡ n- ¡ pw Io-gn ]Tn-¨ ti-jw
• Page 42kw-k-v-Im-c-¯n-epw h-¶ am-ä-§ Ä (ap-p-Sp-¸nÂ- \n-¶v km-cn-bn-te-¡ pw Np-cn-Zm-dn-te-¡ pw h-Ån-{Suk-dnÂ-\n-¶p-Å am-ä-§ -fp-sa-Ãmw) Ir-Xy-am-bn {]- Xn-^-en-¸n-¡ p-¶-Xm-bn \-¼q-Xn-cn-bp-sS h-c. Fw.Sn-bp-sS "c-m-aq-g'¯n-\p h-c-¨-t¸mÄ I-e-À ssZ-h-§ -fnÂ-\n-¶p am-dn ]-¨-bm-b a-\pjy-sâ cq-]w `o-a-\pw {Zu-]-Zn-¡ pw \Â-Im³ \-¼q- Xn-cn-¡ v km-²y-am-Ip-¶-Xm-bn Im-Wmw. "h-c-bp-sS ]-c-a-in-h³' F-¶m-Wv hn.sI.F³. H-cn-¡  At±-l-s¯ hn-ti-jn-¸n-¨-Xv. {]-i-kv-X I-em-Im-c³ bq-k-^v A-d-bv-¡ -em-I-s«, \-¼q-Xn-cn-sb D-]-an-¨- Xv hn-Jym-X Nn-{X-Im-c³ t\mÀ-a³ tdm-¡ v--sh-Ãnt\m-Spw. D-dq-_v, C-S-tÈ-cn, A-¡ n-¯w Xp-S-§ n-b-hcp-am-bp-Å A-Sp-¯ k-¼À-¡ -hpw \-¼q-Xn-cn-bpsS I-em-Po-hn-X-¯n-\p I-cp-¯m-bn. a-e-bm-f kmbnÂ-\n-¶m-Wv X-an-gv--\m-«n-se I-cn-¦Â in-ev-]-§ - ln-Xy-cw-K-¯v s]m-¶m-\n
• gn kv-am-c-I Nn-{X-I-e-bpw eq-kn-b³ sIm-t«m-bp-\n-d-§ -fp-sS A-cm-P-I-Xz-s¯ a-dn-I-S-¶ ]n. tKm-]n-\m-Yv sS Io-gn sIm-¯p-]-Wn-bpw A-t±-lw ]Tn-¨p. 2006þ BÀ-«n-Ìv-kv lm³-Un-{Im-^v-äv-kv A-tkmtNm-f-a-Þ BÀ-«nkn-tb-j-tâ-bpw tNm-f-a-Þ-en-tâ-bpw Øm-]-I Ìv-kv hn-tÃ-Pn-sâ Øm-]-
• Page 44Nn-{X-I-e-bn-se s]¬-t]m-cn-a ti-jn-¸p-IÄ \n-e-\n-¶ Im-e-¯v ]-ßn-\n kv-{Xobp-sS \-Kv-\-X Iym³-hm-kn-e-h-X-cn-¸n-¨p F-¶-XptI-c-f-¯n Nn-{X-I-e t]m-se, ]p-cp-j-\m-Wv sXm-gn tem-I-¯n-sâ \- s]¬-Ip-«n-IÄ-¡ v A-\y-am-bn- s«-Ãv F-¶ ^yq-U Nn-´-bv-s¡ -Xn-sc t]m-cm-Spcp-¶, ^yq-U \m-bÀ X-d-hm- ¶ {io-P-sb-t¸m-ep-Å k-a-Im-en-I Nn-{X-Im-cn-I-fn- Sp-I-fn-se Ip-e-a-ln-am k-¦-ev- te-¡ v B DuÀ-Pw C-¶pw \o-fp-¶p. ]-ßn-\n-bp-sS sIm-Sn-Ip-¯n-hm-W thÀ-]m-Sn-\p-ti-jw I-hn C-S-tÈ-cn F-gp-Xn-b HmÀ- ]-§ Ä Im-e-¯m-Wv Sn.sI. ]-ßn-\n- a-¡ p-dn-¸p-I-fn-epw A-h-cp-sS Xo-£ v-W-am-b Po-hnbp-sS t]m-cm-«w. Nn-{X-c-N-\ k- X-hpw \n-e-]m-Sp-I-fpw tc-J-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-«p-v. a-bw-sIm-Ãn-bm-b ]m-gv th-ebm-sW-¶pw s]¬-Ip-«n h-gn- Nn-{X-I-e-bn-se C-S-Xp-]-£ w sX-än-t¸m-sb-¶pw ap-XnÀ-¶- hÀ hn-[n-sb-gp-Xn-b-t¸mÄ, A-½m-h³ Sn.sI. Zn-hma-{Zm-kv k-v-IqÄ F-¶ I-c-\m-Wv ]-ßn-\n-¡ v Xp-W-bm-b-Xv. ]-ßn-\n-bp-sS I-em-{]-Øm-\-¯n-\p
• Page 45]-\-am-bn-cp-¶p. ]m-t»m ]n-¡ m-tkm, A-K-sÌ tdm- Un³, N-e-¨n-{X kw-hn-[m-b-I³ gm-Mv-þ-ep-Iv sKm- ZmÀ-Zv F-¶n-h-cp-sS ZÀ-i-\-§ -fm {]-tNm-Zn-X-\m-b A-t±-lw, ]-c-¼-cm-K-X A-¡ m-Z-an-Iv co-Xn-I-sf X- Ån-¡ -f-ª ]p-Xn-sbm-cp X-e-ap-d-bv-¡ v h-gn-Im-«n. 1989 Un-kw-_À 26þ-\v Ir-jv-W-Ip-am-dn-sâ B-ß-l- Xy-tbm-sS dm-k-bp-sS {]-hÀ-¯-\-§ Ä \n-e-¨p. F- ¶m-epw C-´y³ k-a-Im-en-I I-e-bn B {]-Øm- \w H-cp am-bm-ap-{Z _m-¡ n-sh-¨n-«p-v.
• Page 46\n-¶ I-Spw-hÀ-®-§ -fpw Xm-f-§ -fpw b-YmÀ-°- ¯n kz-´w \m-Sn-sâ a-®n \n-¶pw \n-fm-\- Zn-bp-sS HmÀ-½-I-fn \n-¶pw D-bnÀ-s¡ m--hbm-bn-cp-¶p. X-sâ {Km-ao-W th-cp-I-sf-bpw Fw. tKmhn-μ³ ]-IÀ-¶p-\Â-In-b kmw-k-v-Im-cn-I-þ-ZmÀi-\n-I t_m-[-s¯-bpw a-{Zm-kv k-v-Iq-fn-sâ \-ho- I-c-W ho-£ -W-§ -fp-am-bn Iq-«n-bn-W-¡ n-bm-Wv A-t±-lw {]-hÀ-¯n-¨-Xv. tZ-io-b-þ-A-´À-tZ-io-b X-e-§ -fn \n-c-h-[n ]p-c-k-v-Im-c-§ -fpw Aw-Ko- Im-c-§ -fpw t\-Sn-b A-Nyp-X³ Iq-S-ÃqÀ, s]m- ¶m-\n-bp-sS kmw-k-v-Im-cn-I a-Þ-e-¯n-\v BtKm-f A-aqÀ-¯ I-em-`q-]-S-¯n X-e-bp-bÀ- ¯n \nÂ-¡ m-hp-¶ H-cp h-en-b taÂ-hn-em-k-am- Wv k-½m-\n-¨-Xv. ]m-c-¼-cy-¯n-sâ DuÀ-Ö-{]-hm-lw Nn-{X-I-e-bn-eq-sS kr-ãn-]-c-am-b B-hn-jv- Im-c-hpw k-aq-ly C-S-s]-S-ep-I-fpw ]-cn-Øn-Xnt_m-[-hpw h-fÀ-¯p-¶ "NmÀ-t¡ mÄ s]m-¶m-\n' Iq-«m-bv-a-bpw A-Xn-sâ ap³-\n-c-bn-ep-Å BÀ-«n- Ìv Z-bm-\-μ-\pw (Z-bm-\-μ³ am-jv), k-a-Im-en-I Zr-iy-þ-{]-I-S-\-I-e-I-fn-eq-sS {]-Ir-Xn-tb-bpw kmwk-v-Im-cn-I Po-hn-X-t¯-bpw tNÀ-¯p-sh-¡ p-¶ Xm-Pv
• Page 47am-d-t© -cn dq-d tIm-þ-Hm-¸-td-äo-hv skm-ssk-än Ltd No: M 800 am-d-t© -cn (]n.H.), a-e-¸p-dw Pn-à þ 679581 t^m¬: 0494 2670240 E-mail: [email protected] Øn-c \n-t£ -]-§ Ä-¡ v B-IÀ-j-I-am-b ]-en-i \n-c-¡ v tk-hnw-Kv--kv \n-t£ -]w ssZ-\w-Zn-\ \n-t£ -]w kzÀ-® ]-W-b-¯n-t·Â Ip-d-ª
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