a-e-¸p-dw Pn-Ã-bn s]¬-Ip-«n-I-fp-sS ]p-Xp-X-e-ap-d D-bÀ-¶n-«p-v.
`-ck-{¼-Zm-bw D-m-bn-cp-¶p. h-en-sbm-cp ]-¦v ]-© m-b-¯p-IÄ `-cn-¨n-cp-¶ X-\m-Syw I-fn-¨-Xn-sâ t]-cn {`-ãv IÂ-¸n-¡ -s¸-«nap-Énw eo-Kv A-h-cp-sS t\-Xm-¡ -fp-sS `m-cy-am-sc- cp-¶ a³kn-b-bp-sS-bpw Ip-Spw-_-¯n-\v A-Xn-s\ tbm _-Ôp-¡ -sf B-Wv A-§ -s\ t\m-an-t\-äv {]-Xn-tcm-[n-¡ m-\pw A-Xn-Po-hn-¡ m-\pw I-gn-ª -Xv sN-bv-Xn-cp-¶-Xv. A-§ n-s\ t\m-an-t\-äv sN-¿- Pn-Ã-bn-se ]p-tcm-K-a-\ {]-Øm-\-¯n-sâ ]n-´p-Ws¸-Sp-¶ kv-{Xo-IÄ-¡ v
]-© m-b-¯v Hm-^o-kv bn-em-Wv. km-£ -c-Xm {]-Øm-\-¯n-sâ `m-K-am-bn- Im-Wm-\p-Å A-h-k-cw t]m-epw In-«n-bn-cp-¶n- cp-¶ dm-_n-b-bpw tI-c-f-¯n-sâ k-¼qÀ-® km- Ã.
£ -c-Xm {]-Jym-]-\w \-S-¯n-b tN-em-tIm-S³ B-bn- 1980I-fn t]m-epw cm-{ão-b cw-K-t¯-¡ v I-S- jp-½ bpw a-e-¸p-dw Pn-Ã-¡ m-cm-Wv. C-Xn-\v A-h-k- ¶p-h-¶n-cp-¶ ap-Énw kv-{Xo-IÄ h-en-b A-]-hm- cw H-cp-¡ n-b-Xpw C-S-Xp-]-£ kÀ-¡ m-cm-bn-cp-¶p. Z {]-Nm-c-W-§ Ä-¡ v hn-t[-b-cm-bn-cp-¶p. 1987 a-e-¸p-dw Pn-Ã-bn-se ap-Énw kv-{Xo-IÄ A-S-¡ -ap-
]-© m-b-¯p-I-fn c-p ko-äv ho-Xw kv-{Xo-IÄ- Å kv-{Xo-k-aq-lw t\-Sn-sb-Sp-¯ `-c-W-L-S-\m-]- ¡ v kw-h-c-Ww sIm-p-h-¶-Xpw
A-¶-s¯ \m-hm-b A-h-Im-i-§ -sf-bpw kzm-X-{´y-s¯-bpw FÂ-Un-F-^v kÀ-¡ m-cm-Wv. A-Xn-\p-ti-jw l-\n-¡ m-\p-Å {i-a-§ Ä Cu Im-e-¯pw bm-Ym- 1991Â A-tX kÀ-¡ mÀ Pn-Ãm Iu¬-kn-ep-IÄ Øn-Xn-I a-X ]u-tcm-ln-Xy-¯n-sâ `m-K-¯p-\n-¶pw cq-]o-I-cn-¡ p-I-bpw A-h-bn-te-¡ v 30% kv-{Xo D-m-hp-¶p-v.
GÀ-s¸-Sp-¯p-I-bpw sN-bv-X-Xv I-b-dn-h-¶ ap-Énw s]¬-Ip-«n-sb a-S-¡ n A-b-¨-hkv-{Xo ap-t¶-ä-¯n-sâ Im-cy-¯n H-cp Ip-Xn-¨p- cpw s]m-Xp-hn-S-§ Ä kv-{Xo-IÄ-¡ v A-h-Im-i-s¸-«-X- Nm-«-¯n-\v X-s¶ Im-c-W-am-bn. F-Ãm cm-{ão-b sÃ-¶v hm-Zw D-bÀ-¯p-¶-h-cpw C-h-cn DÄ-s¸-Sp- ]mÀ-«n-IÄ-¡ pw kv-{Xo-I-sf a-Õ-cn-¸n-t¡ -n
¶p C-¯-c-¡ mÀ-¡ v F-Xn-sc ]p-tcm-K-a-\ P-\m-[n-]- h-¶ km-l-N-cy-¯n-em-Wv ta kq-Nn-¸n-¨ Xy-hm-Zn-I-fp-sS i-Ðw D-bÀ-¶p-sIm-t-bn-cn-t¡ A-]-hm-Z-{]-N-c-W-§ -fn \n-¶pw kv-{Xo-IÄ -Xp-v tam-Nn-X-cm-b-Xv. kv-{Xo-I-fp-sS s]m-Xp-cw-K-t¯- ¡ p-Å h-c-hv i-à-am-bn. h-\n-Xm tUm-ÎÀ-amÀ, t\-gv-kp-amÀ, F³-Pn- \o-bÀ-amÀ, h-¡ o-e-·mÀ Xp-S-§ n h-\n-Xm ss]-eäv-amÀ h-sc F-¯n-\nÂ-¡ p-I-bm-Wv a-e-¸p-dw Pn- Ã-bn-se h-\n-X-I-fp-sS t\-«w. kmw-k-v-Im-cn-I cw- K-¯pw \n-e-\n-¶n-cp-¶ a-XnÂ-s¡ -«p-I-sf t`-Zn- ¡ m³ a-e-¸p-dw Pn-Ã-bn-se ]p-Xp-X-e-ap-d-bn-se s]¬-Ip-«n-IÄ C-t¸mÄ ss[-cyw kw-`-cn-¨n-cn- ¡ p-¶p. 1998 FÂ-Un-F-^v kÀ-¡ mÀ `-cn-¡ p-¶ th-fbn-em-Wv a-e-¸p-dw Pn-Ã-bn sh-¨v Ip-Spw-_-{io {]-Øm-\w D-Zv-Lm-S-\w sN-¿-s¸-«-Xv. Pn-Ã-bn-se kv-{Xo-IÄ-¡ v km-¼-¯n-I-hpw kmw-k-v-Im-cn-Ihpw am-\-kn-I-hp-am-b D-t·-j-hpw ss[-cy-hpw X-tâ-S-hpw \Â-Ip-¶-Xn h-en-sbm-cp ]-¦p-hbv-¡ m³ Ip-Spw-_-{io-¡ v I-gn-bp-¶p-v. s]m-Xp-hn-Zym-`ym-k Øm-]-\-§ -fn t]m-epw c-£ n-Xm-¡ -fp-sS k-½-X-an-Ãm-sX tÌ-Pn I-bdn \r¯w sN-¿m³ ]-äm-¯ hn-e-¡ p-IÄ D-mbn-cp-¶ H-cp Im-e-¯n-eq-sS Pn-Ã-bn-se ap-Énw s]¬-Ip-«n-IÄ I-S-¶p-t]m-bn-«p-v.
C-¶v Hm- Wm-tLm-jw t]m-ep-Å ]-cn-]m-Sn-I-fn ap³-\nc-bn \n-¶v Xn-cp-hm-Xn-c I-fn-¡ m-\pw \r-¯w h-bv-¡ m-\pw H-cp hn-e-¡ pw X-§ Ä-¡ v X-S-Ê-a-à F-¶v kz-bw {]-Jym-]n-¡ p-¶-h-cm-bn ap-Énw