Sometimes, falling pieces of rock and ice can be the size of a golf ball, but at other times, they can be the size of a car or truck, weighing many tons and reaching speeds of over 60 mph. Mount Washington Avalanche Center photo.
As winter transitions to spring each year, environmental changes, such as warmer temperatures, longer and more intense sunlight, and the shift from snow to rain lead to a shift in the types of mountain hazards seen during the springtime.
Though the threat of avalanches begins to drop off in the spring, these mountain hazards are proven to be just as dangerous and have contributed to hundreds of accidents and near-misses over the years. Having the ability to identify, plan for, and avoid these hazards can greatly reduce your risk when traveling in the mountains.
1. ICEFALL AND ROCKFALL These dangerous ice and rock formations are caused by constant freeze-and-thaw cycles, melting ice, and water runoff from snowmelt. They appear blue or white, vertical in steepness and can be seen or heard as the weather warms up. Wear a helmet and avoid standing underneath ice on steep terrain. “Lunch Rocks” is one of the most dangerous spots in the ravine due to the exposure to these formations. They weigh many tons, can move at 60 miles per hour, and can be the size of a golf ball to a truck.
2. REFROZEN SNOW SURFACE Melt-and-freeze cycles affect snow hardness and can cause hard, icy surfaces that are hazards for anyone heading out to the trails. These surfaces often cause long-sliding falls, so mountaineering equipment and self-arresting skills are critical. Refrozen surfaces appear as hard, shiny snow with minimal boot penetra tion. These surfaces can be predicted by looking at temperatures and areas that go from sunny to shaded.
3. UNDERMINED SNOW When water runoff melts adjacent snow, warm air travels underneath it, which enhances melting and causes snow to collapse. This creates a snow bridge, of ten found near bodies of water, which are Skiers and hikers should access as much information from the MWAC website before heading out, and ensure the plan aligns with the experience level of the group. Always have the avalanche essentials with you (a beacon, shovel, and probe), as well as mountaineering gear (an ice axe, crampons, and helmet), and know how to use them.
40 percent are from long-sliding falls. These falls are common in spring due to the amount of ice on the ground, especially on the steep terrain in the ravine. Other spring risks include icefall and rockfall, which can be the size of a truck; and the weather, which is often underestimated. Moynihan says that you have to be ready for winter, even if it’s May. About 30 years ago, my dad and his buddies were skiing in the ravine. Suddenly, they heard a rumble coming from the headwall. They watched as a chunk of ice the size of a car fell and hit a skier standing in its course. After seeing how much he was bleeding, my dad and his group decided to call it a day. “We have 15 to 25 rescues a year,” says Scanlan. In the ravine, there are more incidents and larger rescue volumes in the spring than at any other time of year. Rescues can take hours to complete. The crew takes time to assess the situation before going on the rescue mission. Some rescues require additional SAR volunteer teams, as well as the Ski Patrol, which is a man-powered group of volunteers that operates from March to May. Each team works together to get people off the mountain safely.
PREPARING FOR A DAY IN THE RAVINE That day in May 2023, I sat on a big boulder and watched my dad and his crew hike up the headwall. One of the skiers, who was in his early 20s, had never skied Tuckerman Ravine before. He followed the group up the wall; climbing the snow steps formed by other boots. He got to the top of the headwall, and I could see his orange ski pants reflecting in the sunlight as he stood in his skis, unable to make a turn for quite some time. Before attempting to ski down Tucker man Ravine, Fongemie suggests starting small. Hike partway up a smaller slope with a safe runout and see how it feels. If it feels okay, go a little higher the next time. “People need to be quite solid skiers, and they also need to know their limita
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