CONTINUOUS INSULATION OUTSIDE Continuous insulation may be added on outside or inside of the exterior walls.
CONTINUOUS INSULATION INSIDE Adding continuous insulation on the inside of the exterior walls is simpler and less costly, though there is a slight decrease in continuity where vertical and horizontal studs cross.
Given a compact design, the next most important steps are to maximize insulation and minimize infiltration in the building envelope. Building codes have been increasing the R-value of insulation required for the past 30 years (R-value is a measure of resistance to heat flow) and recently many have added a Sealing seams and penetrations in the building envelope is equally important. Up to 25 percent of the heat loss (or cooling loss) in a typical home is due to air escaping through the walls and roof.
requirement for continuous insulation to prevent thermal bridges in the building envelope. Think of it as putting a sweater on the house so the wall studs don’t conduct heat directly to the exterior on a cold day [see illustrations above]. Adding insulation beyond that re quired by code is a good investment and provides the biggest bang for the buck. Various types of insulation can be used to accomplish this, but there are some environmental trade-offs with the higher R-value products. Triple-pane windows are worth considering as an additional way to increase the R-value of the overall envelope, but they have a longer payback period than insulation. Sealing seams and penetrations in the building envelope is equally important. Up to 25 percent of the heat loss (or cooling loss) in a typical home is due to air escaping through the walls and roof. Flexible tapes, caulking, and foam products need to be carefully installed from the foundation to the roof so gaps are closed. A blower door test to measure the amount of infil tration and identify air leaks prior to closing up walls is another good investment; some jurisdictions now require it. One note of caution: with tighter building envelopes, it is no longer possible to count on drafty windows for fresh air. Mechanical ventilation, discussed below, is imperative.
For homeowners seeking efficient and reliable green heating solutions, ducted heat pump systems with propane backup are gaining popularity in the north country. This hybrid system combines the efficiency of a heat pump with the reliability of propane heating, along with distribution for balanced comfort. A ducted heat pump system operates by transferring heat between the indoors and outdoors. In warm weather, it extracts heat from inside the home and expels it outdoors, functioning as an air conditioner. In cold weather, it reverses the process, pulling heat from the outside air to warm the home. However, when temperatures drop significantly, heat pump efficiency decreases. To address this limitation, a propane backup system kicks in when the heat pump struggles to maintain indoor tem peratures. This dual-fuel approach ensures that homeowners benefit from the energy efficiency of a heat pump while having the reliability of propane heat during extreme cold. Compared to heating systems that rely solely on fossil fuels, a hybrid heat pump-propane system reduces carbon emissions.
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