ST Mary the Blessed Parish Magazine July/August 2026
Nursery Rhymes Explained
Did you know that many nursery rhymes we learnt as children and pass on to our own children are based on historical people and events? Many contain hidden meanings, often of a political or religious nature, that are not immediately apparent to the reader.
Mary, Mary, quite contrary, How does your garden grow? With silver bells and cockle shells, And pretty maids all in a row.
There are several interpretations behind the meaning of this nursery rhyme which first appeared in Tudor times. Reading this rhyme you would probably imagine a pretty lady in her well-kept cottage garden with silver bell-shaped flowers, pansies with flowers resembling faces (i.e. the pretty maids all in row) and cockle shells placed in the garden from a visit to the seaside. However, the true meaning behind this rhyme is much darker.
Mary Tudor, also known as Mary I, was the daughter of Henry VIII and his first wife, the Spanish Catherine of Aragon. Mary was brought up a devout Catholic. Under her half-brother, Edward VI, the official religion of England was Protestant. On Edward's death Mary Tudor became Queen. The word 'contrary, in the first line is a reference to her refusing to accept England as Protestant and wanting to change it back to Catholicism. To achieve this she had 280 Protestants put to death for refusing to change their religious belief during her short five-year reign.
'How does your garden grow?' This phrase usually emphasises the nurturing of a garden and the producing fruit. However, in this instance it is a cutting reference to Mary's inability to have children.
'Silver bells' was another name for the thumb-screw, an instrument of torture tightened slowly to crush the thumb bones. During Mary's reign thousands of Protestants were tortured. The 'cockleshells' are thought to be a reference of Mary's pilgrimage to Spain, although there is no historical evidence that she did go. She did, however, marry Philip I of Spain against the English government's wishes. This determination to do things her own way against the wishes of others is yet another example of her 'contrary' nature.
Who are 'the pretty maids all in a row', in the last line? They were Mary's maids of honour, young and unmarried ladies, who remained loyal to her when much of the country had turned against her.
researched by Peter Bourne