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Madmen at War
Many soldiers have been given tranquilizers in the trenches. They are used to help relieve pain, enhance performance, and act as sedatives. Among the most commonly used are morphine, heroin, cocaine, and bromide. They impact the soldiers' nervous system, causing immediate pleasure that alleviates the traumas of war.
But how do tranquilizers work in the body? Morphine is injected into the body with a syringe, usually passed from soldier to soldier. Inside the body, it acts on the nervous system, blocking the transmission of pain and causing momentary relief. However, in the long term, it causes symptoms such as mental confusion, difficulty concentrating, fatigue, and tachycardia.
Bromide, on the other hand, acts directly on the brain, decreasing the excitation of neurons. This promotes deep relaxation and reduces pain and stress. It is a recent discovery and of paramount importance for warfare.
The use of tranquilizers in the trenches is showing its first symptoms outside of combat, with some soldiers beginning to report dependence, neuropsychiatric symptoms (paralysis, loss of speech and emotional breakdowns), emotional paralysis, cognitive problems and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Brutal Diseases
More than 100,000 soldiers die from diseases in the trenches.
The number of deaths is alarming: more than 100,000 soldiers have died from diseases in the Austro-Hungarian trenches. The main diseases responsible for this number are the Spanish Flu, Malaria, and exanthematic typhus. The mass death is due to poor hygiene conditions and overcrowding in the barracks.
Currently, soldiers are dealing with an outbreak of exanthematic typhus. The contamination occurs when the feces of a louse infected with the bacterium Rickettsia Prowazekii enter the bloodstream. Then, the bacteria reproduce in the blood vessels. Symptoms begin to appear 7 to 14 days later, including high fever, headaches, reddish spots on the body, and can progress to kidney and cardiovascular problems.
This disease affects the lives of soldiers and, consequently, the battlefield. According to the Austro-Hungarian general Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf: “The epidemic caused the loss of men in several regions of the trenches. And the sick are unwell. No matter how well trained the officer is, the infected have much lower performance and strength."
Despite being devastating, typhus can be easily prevented by improvements in basic sanitation conditions, which hinders the proliferation of lice. Small changes, such as the use of soap and hot water, will bring us an even easier victory in the Great War.