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THE AIMS OF COP31:
Creating a global goal for adaptation set clear frameworks for action and ways to monitor suc- cess
Organising climate finance set a finance goal, following from 2025's (cop30) 100 billion USD a year pledge
Loss and damage funding implement and organise imbursements e.g. home insur- ance payouts and infrastructure
Introducing enhanced transparency frameworks all parties must have their reports submitted and re- viewed; this holds all countries accountable for being hon- est, accurate and aware of their impacts
Assessing carbon markets ensure that carbon contributors are protecting the en- vironment and resolve ambiguities of article 6, allowing countries to voluntarily attempt to reduce their climate impact
Australia lobbied for COP31 to be held in Adelaide, because they wanted to co-host the meeting with representatives of Pacific Is- land states. These states, called SIDS or small island developing states, are most likely to be impacted by rising sea levels and ex- treme weather events due to their location and lack of infrastruc- ture. Turkey, however, claimed the role because they stood aside in 2021, so the meeting could be held in Glasgow.
what the hell is going on with Australia and Turkey?!
Australia relented the battle, but not without compromise. This in- cluded the pre-COP meeting being held on a Pacific Island, and Aus- tralia's climate minister, Chris Bown, becoming president of nego- tiations. This means that Australia is in charge of negotiations and drafting the final descriptive text, while a representative from Tur- key will organise and schedule meetings, essentially ensuring the smooth-running of the venue. These compromises were agreed to by the more than 190 countries participating this year.
The decision for Turkey to host, however, has been criticised. Critics have accused the nation of "greenwashing", in presenting themselves as climate-conscious and attempting to boost their image by partic- ipating in COP31, but in fact they have very few, and critics suggest very weak, climate policies in place. Primarily, there is question as to whether they can uphold the promises of COP30 to move away from fossil fuel use, with their national reliance on coal and no plans to stop. 22