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Published: Jul 17, 2026
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THE USCIS 2025 CIVICS TEST STUDY GUIDEOne Nation, One People U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services
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Page 4ARE YOU THINKING ABOUT APPLYING FOR NATURALIZATION? SCAN THIS QR CODE TO ACCESS INFORMATION TO HELP YOU PREPARE FOR U.S. CITIZENSHIP.
THE USCIS 2025 CIVICS TEST STUDY GUIDEOne Nation, One People DEPARTMENT
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Chapter 1: The U.S. ConstitutionChapter 2: The Legislative Branch Chapter 3: The Executive Branch
CHAPTER 1THE U.S. CONSTITUTION In this chapter, you will learn about:
CHAPTER 1: THE U.S. CONSTITUTION"Scene at the Signing of the Constitution," by Howard Chandler Christy. Courtesy of the Library of Congress. We the People
THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENTThe Three Branches of Government The first three sections of the Constitution set up the U.S.government.
CHAPTER 1: THE U.S. CONSTITUTIONThe President of the United States is in charge of the Executive Branch. Other parts of the Executive Branch include: • The Vice President of the United States
Separation of PowersDuring the Constitutional Convention, the Founders were afraid that if one person or group has too much power, then they could take over the country. They decided to separate the powers of government so that no one person or group could become too powerful. The Constitution gives each branch of government different powers. This is called "separation of powers." Separation of powers stops one branch from becoming too powerful. 12
Powers of the Federal GovernmentCHAPTER 1: THE U.S. CONSTITUTION The Constitution also lists the powers that the federal government has, such as the power to protect the people of the United States.
STATE GOVERNMENTSStudents in a U.S. classroom. 14
CHANGING THE CONSTITUTIONThe fifth section of the Constitution explains how the Constitution can be changed. A change to the Constitution is called an amendment. The Founders wanted the people of the United States to be able to make changes to the Constitution. They believed that in order to have self-government, the people of the United States should be able to make changes to the Constitution and the government. For an amendment to be added to the Constitution it must be approved by three-fourths of the states in the United States. Today there are 50 states in the U.S. That means that 38 out of the 50 states must approve an amendment for it to be added to the Constitution. There are 27 amendments to the Constitution.
APPROVING THE CONSTITUTIONThe seventh section of the Constitution that the people says of the United States had to approve the Constitution for it to become the law of the land. When the Founders wrote the Constitution, there were 13 states in the U.S. The Constitution says that nine of the 13 original states must approve the Constitution. In 1788, New Hampshire became the ninth state to approve the Constitution, and all 13 original states approved the Constitution by 1790. Bill of Rights
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CHAPTER 2THELEGISLATIVE BRANCH (CONGRESS) 18
CHAPTER 2: THE LEGISLATIVE BRANCH (CONGRESS)U.S. Government Legislative Branch (Congress)
Electing Members of the House of RepresentativesMembers of the House of Representatives are elected every two years. To get elected to the House of Representatives, a person must be at least 25 years of age and live in the state where the congressional district is located.
U.S. House of Representatives435 U.S. Representatives in the House of Representatives
Page 2222 MAKING FEDERAL LAWS
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CHAPTER 324 THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH
CHAPTER 3: THE EXECUTIVE BRANCHU.S. Government Legislative Branch (Congress)
THE COMMANDER IN CHIEFThe President of the United States is the Commander in Chief of the military. This means that the President is in charge of everyone serving in U.S. military. Another term for the U.S. military is the U.S. Armed Forces. In the United States, serving in the U.S. Armed Forces is voluntary. Today there are over 2 million people serving in the U.S. Armed Forces. For more information about the U.S. Armed Forces, please visit: U.S. Department of Defense at www.defense.gov.
Page 27President Donald Trump, 45th & 47th President of the United States. THE VICE PRESIDENT
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UNITED STATES COURTHOUSECHAPTER 4 THE JUDICIAL BRANCH
U.S. GovernmentLegislative Branch (Congress) Executive Branch (President)
THE JUDICIAL BRANCHThere are nine justices on the U.S. Supreme Court. A majority means that more than half of the justices vote the same way on a case. For example: When 9 Supreme Court Justices hear a case, at least 5 justices must vote the same on the case in order to have a majority.
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CHAPTER 5VOTED TODAY RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES
Page 34FEDERALIST: A COLLECTION
Page 35RESPONSIBILITIES OF INDIVIDUALS LIVING IN THE UNITED STATES Everyone living in the United States is responsible for following the "rule of law." This means that everyone living in the United States must obey the law. For example, it is the law that everyone living in the United States must pay income taxes. The law says that each year, people are required to send in a federal income tax form to the U.S. government. The last day that people can send in their federal income tax forms is April 15.
Page 3636 NATURALIZATION AND U.S. CITIZENSHIP
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CHAPTER 6U.S. GEOGRAPHY In this chapter, you will learn about:
CHAPTER 6 – U.S. GEOGRAPHYCANADA WASHINGTON
U.S. BORDERSThe United States is located in North America, and it is bordered by an ocean on the East Coast and the West Coast. The U.S. is also bordered by one country to the north and another country to the south. The country that borders the U.S. to the north is called Canada. There are 13 states in the U.S. that border Canada.
CHAPTER 6 – U.S. GEOGRAPHYMOUNTAINS AND RIVERS There are two large mountain ranges in the United States. The Appalachian Mountains are in the eastern United States, and the Rocky Mountains are in the western United States.
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CHAPTER 7EARLY AMERICAN HISTORY In this chapter, you will learn about:
Page 44Before the Europeans arrived, there were more than 50 million Native Americans living in North and South America. More than 10 million Native Americans lived on the land in North America that became the United States. After Europeans arrived in North and South America, millions of Native Americans died from diseases brought by Europeans. Many Native Americans also died from wars and conflicts with Europeans. By the 1600s, there were about 6 million Native Americans living in the Americas, and about 1 million Native Americans still living in North America.
SLAVERY IN THE COLONIESAfter the first few years, the colonists in Jamestown began to have more success, and the number of colonists grew. They moved to new areas and started growing crops like tobacco and later cotton. The colonists made a lot of money selling these crops to England. They wanted to grow more crops, but they did not have enough people to work on the farms. Other European countries that had colonies took people from Africa to the Americas and sold them as slaves. Another term for "slave" is an "enslaved person." An enslaved person is someone who is forced to work with no freedom. Millions of enslaved African people were forced on ships and taken to North and South America.
THE 13 ORIGINAL COLONIESWhen the Colonial Period started in 1607, the colonists were part of the country of England. England is on the island of Britain. The country of Scotland is also on the island of Britain. In 1707, England and Scotland became one country called Great Britain. After 1707, the 13 original colonies were part of Great Britain. 46
CHAPTER 8THE AMERICAN REVOLUTIONARY WAR & THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE In this chapter, you will learn about: The American Revolutionary War. The Declaration of Independence.
PUBLISHED BY CURRIER & IVESEntered according to act of Congress in the year 1876 by Currier & Ives, in the Office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington.. 125 NASSAU ST. NEW YORK.
Page 49CHAPTER 8: THE AMERICAN REVOLUTIONARY WAR AND THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE
WINNING THE AMERICAN REVOLUTIONARY WARThe United States stopped fighting with Great Britain in 1781. The British Army surrendered to the United States at the Battle of Yorktown in the state of Virginia. There was no more fighting, but the American Revolutionary War did not officially end until the U.S. and Great Britain signed a treaty in 1783. In the treaty, Great Britain agreed that the United States won the American Revolutionary War and that the United States was an independent nation. American, British and Hessian soldiers fight furiously at the Siege of Yorktown. Courtesy of the Library of Congress.
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CHAPTER 9A NEW GOVERNMENT AND AN EXPANDING NATION In this chapter, you will learn about: The Constitutional Convention. The conflicts caused by expansion.
CHAPTER 9: A NEW GOVERNMENT AND AN EXPANDING NATIONWhen the states voted to pass the Constitution, the United States created a new government. When the new government was created, George Washington was elected the first President of the United States. He served as President from 1789-1797. George Washington is also known as the "Father of Our Country". George Washington takes the Oath of Office at Federal Hall in New York City.
THE U.S. BETWEEN 1787 - 1803When the Constitution was written in 1787, the U.S. had 13 states on the East Coast of North America. The United States also claimed to own the land between the 13 original states and the Mississippi River as U.S. territory. The word "claim" means that other European countries that created colonies in the Americas agreed that this territory was owned by the United States. At this time, there were still over 600,000 Native Americans living on the land claimed by the United States. Native American tribes had lived for thousands of years in the territory that the U.S. claimed. They did not agree that the U.S. owned the land. This led to many conflicts and wars in the 1800s because Native Americans were forced to defend their people, their culture, and their land.
CHAPTER 9: A NEW GOVERNMENT AND AN EXPANDING NATIONWhen the U.S. purchased the Louisiana Territory from France, more people began moving west into the new territory. This led to more conflicts and wars between people from the United States and Native Americans. For example, between the 1830s - 1850s, people from five Native American nations in the southern United States were forced to move from their homeland to land in the Louisiana Territory. The five Native American nations were the Cherokee, Muscogee, Seminole, Chickasaw, and Choctaw. This event is called the "Trail of Tears" because thousands of people died from disease and starvation on the trail during the journey.
THE MEXICAN-AMERICAN WARIn 1845, Texas became the 28th state to join the United States. Until 1836, Texas was part of Mexico. Texas fought for independence from Mexico and became its own country from 1836-1845. At that time, Mexico still claimed much of the land in the southwest between the Rocky Mountains and the Pacific Ocean. Mexico also wanted Texas to be part of Mexico again.
EXPANDING INTO THE WESTIn 1850, California became the 31st state to join the United States, and it was the first state to join the United States that bordered the Pacific Ocean. By 1860, there were 33 states in the United States. The Atlantic Ocean bordered the U.S. on the East Coast, and the Pacific Ocean bordered the U.S. on the West Coast. The U.S. also claimed all of the land between Canada and Mexico that today makes up the first 48 states to join the United States.
CHAPTER 10THE CIVIL WAR In this chapter, you will learn about:
FIGHTING FOR CIVIL RIGHTS AND FIGHTING TO END SLAVERYBetween 1800-1860 there were people who thought that slavery should be illegal and that everyone in the U.S. should have civil rights. For example, Frederick Douglass escaped from slavery and became an important civil rights leader in the 1800s. He is famous for giving speeches and writing books about ending slavery and protecting civil rights for all people. Susan B. Anthony is another person who fought for civil rights during the 1800s. She agreed with Frederick Douglass that slavery should be illegal. Susan B. Anthony also fought for women's rights. She wanted women to be treated equally to men, and she wanted women to have the right to vote in the United States.
ABRAHAM LINCOLNAbraham Lincoln led the United States during the Civil War. He was the 16th President of the United States, and he served as President from 1861 1865.
THE END OF SLAVERYCHAPTER 10: THE CIVIL WAR After the Civil War was over, all the people who were enslaved in Southern states were freed. On June 19, 1865, enslaved people living in Galveston, Texas, became the last to learn that the Civil War was over and that they were free. June 19th became a holiday called Juneteenth. Today, Juneteenth is a national U.S. holiday that recognizes and celebrates the end of slavery in the United States.
CHAPTER 11AMERICAN HISTORY: 1900-2001 62
Page 63American soldiers in a trench in France during World War I. Courtesy of the Library of Congress. THE GREAT DEPRESSION
FRANKLIN ROOSEVELTIn 1933, Franklin Roosevelt was elected the 32nd President of the United States. Franklin Roosevelt was the longest- serving President in U.S. history, and he was elected President four times. He was President from 1933 - 1945, and he died while serving as President in 1945. In 1951, the 22nd amendment was added to the Constitution. An amendment is a change to the Constitution. The 22nd Amendment says a person can only be elected President two times. Franklin Roosevelt was President during two important periods in American history. He was President during the Great Depression and World War II.
THE COLD WARWhen the United States fought in World War II, the U.S. and Russia fought on the same side. Russia controlled many nearby countries. Russia, and the countries it controlled, were called the Soviet Union. The U.S. and the Soviet Union did not trust each other. After World War II, the United States and the Soviet Union became involved in the Cold War. During the Cold War, the main concern of the United States was the spread of communism. Communism is a type of government in which the government plans the economy and controls most of the resources. Also, in most communist countries, the government is controlled by one political party. Russia and all the countries in the Soviet Union were communist. Other countries like China and North Korea were also becoming communist. The U.S. wanted to stop other countries around the world from becoming communist.
THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENTDuring the 1900s, many states had laws that discriminated against people based on their race. Some of these laws said that people of different races had to go to separate schools, eat in separate restaurants, and live in separate neighborhoods. Other laws made it difficult for people to vote based on their race. Many of the states that had these laws wanted to separate Black Americans from White Americans. Some states had laws that discriminated against Latino Americans and Asian Americans. Soon after World War II ended, many people in the United States began a movement to end racial discrimination. The movement to end racial discrimination in the United States is called the Civil Rights Movement.
SEPTEMBER 11, 2001On September 11, 2001, terrorists attacked the United States. Terrorists hijacked four airplanes. Two airplanes crashed into the World Trade Center in New York City. One plane crashed into the Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia, near Washington, D.C. The passengers on the fourth plane fought the terrorists and the plane crashed in Shanksville, Pennsylvania.
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CHAPTER 12AMERICAN SYMBOLS AND HOLIDAYS In this chapter, you will learn about:
Ellis IslandEllis Island was an immigration station in New York Harbor. Ellis Island began receiving immigrants to the United States on January 1, 1892. Over the next 62 years, more than 12 million immigrants arrived in the United States through Ellis Island. Currently the Statue of Liberty and Ellis Island are National Historic Sites. For more information on the Statue of Liberty and Ellis Island, please visit: nps.gov/stli. Immigration station at Ellis Island. Angel Island
The American FlagCHAPTER 12: AMERICAN SYMBOLS AND HOLIDAYS The American flag is an important symbol of the United States. Like the Statue of Liberty, it is also a symbol of freedom. The colors of the flag are red, white, and blue. Each color on the flag has a meaning:
The National AnthemThe name of the national anthem is "The Star-Spangled Banner". "Spangled" refers to the stars on the flag that look like they are shining in night sky. The word "banner" means flag.
Presidents' Day (Third Monday in February)We celebrate Presidents' Day to honor George Washington and Abraham Lincoln. George Washington was the first president of the United States. He is also called the "Father of Our Country". President Washington was born on February 22.
Juneteenth (June 19)Juneteenth is a national holiday that recognizes the end of slavery in the United States. In 1863, President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation. The Emancipation
Veterans Day (November 11)Veterans Day is a national holiday when we honor individuals who have served in the U.S. Armed Forces (alive or deceased) in service of the United States. Veterans Day was originally called Armistice Day and celebrated the end of World War I, which ended on November 11, 1918. World War I is one war the U.S. fought in the 1900s. Woodrow Wilson was the President of the United States during World War I. Armistice Day was officially recognized by U.S. President Woodrow Wilson in 1919. It began to be observed throughout the world, honoring those who fought to end of the "Great War."
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A: Principles of American Government1. What is the form of government of the United States? Republic
Page 7814. Many documents influenced the U.S. Constitution. Name one. Declaration of Independence
Page 7930. What is the name of the Speaker of the House of Representatives now?* Visit uscis.gov/citizenship/testupdates for the name of the Speaker of the House of Representatives.
Page 8046. The executive branch has many parts. Name one. President (of the United States)
Page 8158. Name one power that is only for the federal government. Print paper money
Page 8268. How can people become United States citizens? Be born in the United States, under the conditions set by the 14th Ammendment.
Page 8377. Name one reason why the Americans declared independence from Britain. High taxes
86. George Washington is famous for many things. Name one.*"Father of Our Country" First president of the United States
Page 8597. What amendment says all persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are U.S. citizens? ⚫ 14th Amendment 98. When did all men get the right to vote?
Page 86109. During the Cold War, what was one main concern of the United States? Communism
Page 87118. Name one example of an American innovation. Light bulb
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